Successful Summaries Students Should Know
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Successful Summaries Students Should Know

The abstract is the summary of a thesis that is very short, in other words, the presentation or illustration must be correct, precise and clear, but complete. It allows readers to learn the brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceedings, or any in-depth analysis of a particular topic. It is used to help readers quickly determine the purpose of the paper and acts as the entry point for any academic paper and is always placed at the beginning.

Abstracts aim to compile a body of literature for that particular topic, although the terms abstract or synopsis are often used to refer to the same thing, but in business or management reports, an executive summary containing more information than the summary.

There are generally four elements of a good academic abstract that are relevant to the full paper:
(1) the focus of the research (ie, the statement of the problem/research topics addressed);
(2) the research methods used (experimental research, case studies, questionnaires, etc.);
(3) the results/findings of the investigation;
(4) the main conclusions and recommendations, and
(5) the key word(s) intended to inform research areas or terms as a basis for thoughts necessary for scientific informatization.

The abstract is written on a special page as a single-spaced paragraph in Times New Romans 12 and the keywords must be in alphabetical order placed before the first chapter of the thesis and its length usually varies according to the discipline and university requirements. Some contain between 200 and 500 words, but very rarely more than one page. May or may not have the abstract section title explicitly listed as a background to the content, but it is typically sectioned logically as an overview of what appears in the paper, with any of the following subheadings: background, introduction, objectives, methods , Results and conclusions. There are two types of summaries, structured summaries and unstructured summaries. Structured summaries contain explicitly given subheadings, while unstructured summaries include only one paragraph without explicit subheadings. Abstracts can be informative and descriptive summaries. Informative abstracts are known as full abstracts, which are a compendium summary of the content of an article, including its background, purpose, methodology, results, and conclusion. It is usually between 100 and 200 words, while descriptive summaries summarize the structure of the article, its main themes and key points. Descriptive abstracts are also known as limited abstracts or indicative abstracts that describe what the article covers without going into its essence.

In conclusion, the abstract briefly summarizes a thesis or synopsis so that by reading the abstract, readers can understand what is in a scientific thesis, that is why the abstract must be deciphered clearly, briefly, precisely and easily and consists of four elements, that is, logical arguments worth investigating. , approaches used to solve a problem (methods), results obtained, as well as the conclusion drawn.

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